公民の問題と解答：2025年版テスト

正解:共和制

What is the form of government of the United States? — Republic

正解:合衆国憲法（U.S. Constitution）

What is the supreme law of the land? — The U.S. Constitution

正解:国民の権利を守る

Name one thing the U.S. Constitution does. — Protects the rights of the people

正解:人民は自らを統治すべきである

The U.S. Constitution starts with the words “We the People.” What does “We the People” mean? — People should govern themselves

正解:修正条項

How are changes made to the U.S. Constitution? — Amendments

正解:アメリカ人の基本的権利

What does the Bill of Rights protect? — The basic rights of Americans

正解:27

How many amendments does the U.S. Constitution have? — Twenty-seven (27)

正解:アメリカがイギリスの支配から自由であると述べているから。

Why is the Declaration of Independence important? — It says America is free from British control.

正解:アメリカ独立宣言

What founding document said the American colonies were free from Britain? — The Declaration of Independence

正解:平等と自由

Name two important ideas from the Declaration of Independence and the U.S. Constitution. — Equality and liberty

正解:独立宣言（Declaration of Independence）

The words “Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness” are in what founding document? — The Declaration of Independence

正解:資本主義

What is the economic system of the United States? — Capitalism

正解:だれも法の上にはない。

What is the rule of law? — No one is above the law.

正解:連合規約（Articles of Confederation）

Many documents influenced the U.S. Constitution. Name one. — The Articles of Confederation

正解:一つの部門が強くなりすぎないようにするため

There are three branches of government. Why? — So one part does not become too powerful

正解:立法、行政、司法

Name the three branches of government. — Legislative, executive, and judicial

正解:行政部門

The President of the United States is in charge of which branch of government? — The executive branch

正解:連邦議会（U.S. Congress）

What part of the federal government writes laws? — The U.S. Congress

正解:上院（Senate）と下院（House of Representatives）

What are the two parts of the U.S. Congress? — The Senate and the House of Representatives

正解:法律をつくる

Name one power of the U.S. Congress. — Writes laws

正解:100

How many U.S. senators are there? — One hundred (100)

正解:6年

How long is a term for a U.S. senator? — Six (6) years

正解:435

How many voting members are in the House of Representatives? — Four hundred thirty-five (435)

正解:2年

How long is a term for a member of the House of Representatives? — Two (2) years

正解:世論により近く従うため

Why do U.S. representatives serve shorter terms than U.S. senators? — To more closely follow public opinion

正解:2人

How many senators does each state have? — Two (2)

正解:小さな州にも平等な代表権を与えるため

Why does each state have two senators? — Equal representation for small states

正解:Mike Johnson

What is the name of the Speaker of the House of Representatives now? — Mike Johnson

正解:自分の州の人々

Who does a U.S. senator represent? — The people of their state

正解:その州の市民

Who elects U.S. senators? — Citizens from their state

正解:自分の連邦議会選挙区の人々

Who does a member of the House of Representatives represent? — People from their congressional district

正解:その連邦議会選挙区の市民

Who elects members of the House of Representatives? — Citizens from their congressional district

正解:人口の多い州があるから

Some states have more representatives than other states. Why? — Because some states have more people

正解:4年

The President of the United States is elected for how many years? — Four (4) years

正解:修正第22条があるから

The President of the United States can serve only two terms. Why? — Because of the 22nd Amendment

正解:Donald J. Trump

What is the name of the President of the United States now? — Donald J. Trump

正解:JD Vance

What is the name of the Vice President of the United States now? — JD Vance

正解:副大統領（Vice President）

If the president can no longer serve, who becomes president? — The Vice President

正解:法案に署名して法律にする

Name one power of the president. — Signs bills into law

正解:大統領

Who is Commander in Chief of the U.S. military? — The President

正解:大統領

Who signs bills to become laws? — The President

正解:大統領

Who vetoes bills? — The President

正解:大統領

Who appoints federal judges? — The President

正解:閣僚会議（Cabinet）

The executive branch has many parts. Name one. — The Cabinet

正解:大統領に助言する

What does the President’s Cabinet do? — Advises the President

正解:国務長官（Secretary of State）と司法長官（Attorney General）

What are two Cabinet-level positions? — Secretary of State and Attorney General

正解:だれが大統領に選ばれるかを決めるから。

Why is the Electoral College important? — It decides who is elected president.

正解:最高裁判所（Supreme Court）

What is one part of the judicial branch? — The Supreme Court

正解:法律が合衆国憲法に反するかどうかを判断する

What does the judicial branch do? — Decides if a law goes against the U.S. Constitution

正解:最高裁判所（Supreme Court）

What is the highest court in the United States? — The Supreme Court

正解:9

How many seats are on the Supreme Court? — Nine (9)

正解:5人

How many Supreme Court justices are usually needed to decide a case? — Five (5)

正解:終身

How long do Supreme Court justices serve? — For life

正解:政治から独立するため

Supreme Court justices serve for life. Why? — To be independent of politics

正解:John Roberts

Who is the Chief Justice of the United States now? — John Roberts

正解:紙幣を印刷する

Name one power that is only for the federal government. — Print paper money

正解:運転免許を発行する

Name one power that is only for the states. — Give a driver’s license

正解:連邦政府に与えられていない権限は、州または国民に属する。

What is the purpose of the 10th Amendment? — Powers not given to the federal government belong to the states or to the people.

正解:18歳以上の市民が投票できる。

There are four amendments to the U.S. Constitution about who can vote. Describe one of them. — Citizens eighteen (18) and older can vote.

正解:アメリカ市民

Who can vote in federal elections, run for federal office, and serve on a jury in the United States? — U.S. citizens

正解:言論の自由、信教の自由、集会の自由

What are three rights of everyone living in the United States? — Freedom of speech, freedom of religion, and freedom of assembly

正解:アメリカ合衆国

What do we show loyalty to when we say the Pledge of Allegiance? — The United States

正解:アメリカ合衆国の法律に従うことと、憲法を守ること

Name two promises that new citizens make in the Oath of Allegiance. — Obey the laws of the United States and defend the Constitution

正解:帰化する

How can people become United States citizens? — Naturalize

正解:投票することと、選挙で選ばれた公職者に連絡すること

What are two examples of civic participation in the United States? — Vote and contact elected officials

正解:軍隊で務める

What is one way Americans can serve their country? — Serve in the military

正解:法律で定められているから

Why is it important to pay federal taxes? — Required by law

正解:法律で定められているから

It is important for all men age 18 through 25 to register for the Selective Service. Name one reason why. — Required by law

正解:信教の自由

The colonists came to America for many reasons. Name one. — Religious freedom

正解:ネイティブ・アメリカン

Who lived in America before the Europeans arrived? — Native Americans

正解:アフリカの人々

What group of people was taken and sold as slaves? — Africans

正解:アメリカ独立戦争（American Revolution）

What war did the Americans fight to win independence from Britain? — The American Revolution

正解:代表なき課税

Name one reason why the Americans declared independence from Britain. — Taxation without representation

正解:Thomas Jefferson

Who wrote the Declaration of Independence? — Thomas Jefferson

正解:1776年7月4日

When was the Declaration of Independence adopted? — July 4, 1776

正解:ヨークタウンの戦い（Battle of Yorktown）

The American Revolution had many important events. Name one. — The Battle of Yorktown

正解:ニューヨーク、バージニア、ジョージア、デラウェア、メリーランド

There were 13 original states. Name five. — New York, Virginia, Georgia, Delaware, and Maryland

正解:合衆国憲法（U.S. Constitution）

What founding document was written in 1787? — The U.S. Constitution

正解:James Madison

The Federalist Papers supported the passage of the U.S. Constitution. Name one of the writers. — James Madison

正解:合衆国憲法の承認を支持したから。

Why were the Federalist Papers important? — They supported passing the U.S. Constitution.

正解:アメリカ合衆国の初代郵政長官

Benjamin Franklin is famous for many things. Name one. — First Postmaster General of the United States

正解:アメリカ合衆国の初代大統領

George Washington is famous for many things. Name one. — First president of the United States

正解:独立宣言の執筆者

Thomas Jefferson is famous for many things. Name one. — Writer of the Declaration of Independence

正解:「憲法の父（Father of the Constitution）」

James Madison is famous for many things. Name one. — “Father of the Constitution”

正解:初代財務長官

Alexander Hamilton is famous for many things. Name one. — First Secretary of the Treasury

正解:ルイジアナ領（Louisiana Territory）

What territory did the United States buy from France in 1803? — The Louisiana Territory

正解:南北戦争（Civil War）

Name one war fought by the United States in the 1800s. — The Civil War

正解:内戦（Civil War）

Name the U.S. war between the North and the South. — The Civil War

正解:ゲティスバーグの戦い（Battle of Gettysburg）

The Civil War had many important events. Name one. — The Battle of Gettysburg

正解:南北戦争中にアメリカ合衆国を率いた

Abraham Lincoln is famous for many things. Name one. — Led the United States during the Civil War

正解:南部連合の州の奴隷を解放した

What did the Emancipation Proclamation do? — Freed slaves in the Confederate states

正解:南北戦争（Civil War）

What U.S. war ended slavery? — The Civil War

正解:修正第14条

What amendment says all persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are U.S. citizens? — The 14th Amendment

正解:南北戦争（Civil War）のあと

When did all men get the right to vote? — After the Civil War

正解:Susan B. Anthony

Name one leader of the women’s rights movement in the 1800s. — Susan B. Anthony

正解:第二次世界大戦（World War II）

Name one war fought by the United States in the 1900s. — World War II

正解:ドイツがアメリカの民間船を攻撃したから

Why did the United States enter World War I? — Because Germany attacked U.S. civilian ships

正解:1920年

When did all women get the right to vote? — 1920

正解:現代史で最も長い経済不況

What was the Great Depression? — Longest economic recession in modern history

正解:1929年の株価暴落

When did the Great Depression start? — Stock market crash of 1929

正解:Franklin Roosevelt

Who was president during the Great Depression and World War II? — Franklin Roosevelt

正解:日本が真珠湾を攻撃した

Why did the United States enter World War II? — The Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor

正解:第二次世界大戦中の将軍

Dwight Eisenhower is famous for many things. Name one. — General during World War II

正解:ソビエト連邦

Who was the United States’ main rival during the Cold War? — The Soviet Union

正解:共産主義

During the Cold War, what was one main concern of the United States? — Communism

正解:共産主義の拡大を止めるため

Why did the United States enter the Korean War? — To stop the spread of communism

正解:共産主義の拡大を止めるため

Why did the United States enter the Vietnam War? — To stop the spread of communism

正解:人種差別をなくすために戦った

What did the civil rights movement do? — Fought to end racial discrimination

正解:公民権のために戦った

Martin Luther King, Jr. is famous for many things. Name one. — Fought for civil rights

正解:イラク軍をクウェートから追い出すため

Why did the United States enter the Persian Gulf War? — To force the Iraqi military from Kuwait

正解:テロリストがアメリカを攻撃した

What major event happened on September 11, 2001 in the United States? — Terrorists attacked the United States

正解:アフガニスタン戦争

Name one U.S. military conflict after the September 11, 2001 attacks. — The war in Afghanistan

正解:チェロキー

Name one American Indian tribe in the United States. — Cherokee

正解:飛行機

Name one example of an American innovation. — Airplane

正解:ワシントンD.C.

What is the capital of the United States? — Washington, D.C.

正解:ニューヨーク港

Where is the Statue of Liberty? — New York Harbor

正解:最初の13の植民地（original colonies）があったから

Why does the flag have 13 stripes? — Because there were 13 original colonies

正解:州一つにつき星が一つあるから

Why does the flag have 50 stars? — Because there is one star for each state

正解:The Star-Spangled Banner

What is the name of the national anthem? — The Star-Spangled Banner

正解:多数から一つへ

The Nation’s first motto was “E Pluribus Unum.” What does that mean? — Out of many, one

正解:イギリスからのアメリカの独立を祝う祝日

What is Independence Day? — A holiday to celebrate U.S. independence from Britain

正解:独立記念日（Independence Day）、労働者の日（Labor Day）、感謝祭（Thanksgiving Day）

Name three national U.S. holidays. — Independence Day, Labor Day, and Thanksgiving Day

正解:軍務中に亡くなった兵士をたたえる祝日

What is Memorial Day? — A holiday to honor soldiers who died in military service

正解:アメリカ軍に従軍したことのある人々をたたえる祝日

What is Veterans Day? — A holiday to honor people who have served in the U.S. military