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Estonia

Estonian citizenship exam in English: the Constitution and the Citizenship Act topic by topic, beside the Estonian wording, every answer explained.

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To become an Estonian citizen by naturalisation, you need to pass two exams: the Estonian language exam and the exam on the Constitution and the Citizenship Act, often simply called the Constitution exam – 24 questions in 45 minutes, with at least 18 right answers needed to pass. The exam is in Estonian, but it is open book: both laws and a dictionary are on hand. We wrote our 243 practice questions ourselves on the current text of the two laws; they work through them topic by topic, each in English beside its Estonian original, with a short explanation. Harno does not publish how many questions come from each area, so the split in our mock test is our own approximation.

See the questions

The format

    • Questions: 24
    • Time: 45 min
    • To pass: 18 of 24

The pass

€7.99

180 days of access for one payment — it never renews

Also explained in

Topics

  • Foundations of the state17
  • Exercise of state power12
  • Rights of citizens17
  • Everyone's rights and freedoms26
  • Rights in court17
  • Duties and other provisions11
  • Riigikogu (parliament)22
  • President of the Republic20
  • Government of the Republic21
  • Courts20
  • Other constitutional institutions10
  • Citizenship by birth6
  • Naturalisation25
  • Citizenship for special merit5
  • Restoring and losing citizenship14

A few questions with their answers.

Riiklik korraldus 1

According to the Constitution of Estonia, what kind of state is Estonia?

an independent and sovereign democratic republic

Milline riik on Eesti põhiseaduse järgi?

Why this answer

Riiklik korraldus 2

Is the statement true or false? “The independence and sovereignty of Estonia cannot be given away and do not expire.”

True

Kas lause on õige või vale? „Eesti iseseisvust ja sõltumatust ei saa ära anda ning see ei aegu.“

Why this answer

Riiklik korraldus 3

According to the Constitution, what forms an inseparable and indivisible whole of the Estonian state?

its land territory, territorial waters and airspace

Mis moodustab põhiseaduse järgi Eesti riigi lahutamatu ja jagamatu terviku?

Why this answer
The 243 questions with answers

Questions people ask.

Who has to take the Estonian citizenship exam?
Foreign nationals aged 15 or over who apply for Estonian citizenship by naturalisation. Besides this exam, the Citizenship Act requires, among other things, a long-term resident’s residence permit or a right of permanent residence; at least eight years in Estonia on a residence permit or right of residence, five of them permanently; a registered residence; a permanent legal income; Estonian at B1 level; and an oath of loyalty. People with restricted legal capacity are exempt, as are those whose health prevents them from taking the exam – an expert committee decides. Education in Estonian exempts you only from the language exam, not from this one. Pupils finishing basic school can take it as an add-on to their social studies final exam.
How does the exam work?
You take it in Estonian, on a computer at an exam centre: 24 multiple-choice questions, each with one right answer, in 45 minutes. You need at least 18 right answers (75%) to pass. Some questions ask whether a statement is true or false. Bring an identity document. You get your result as soon as you finish; the certificate is electronic only and is available on the state portal eesti.ee.
Can I take the exam in English?
No, the exam is held in Estonian. That is why every question here also shows its Estonian wording: the English translation helps you understand it, but in the exam you will read the questions in Estonian. An Estonian–English dictionary is available during the exam.
Can I use the laws during the exam?
Yes, it is an open-book exam: you have the Estonian texts of the Constitution and the Citizenship Act, plus an Estonian–Russian and an Estonian–English dictionary. So it pays to know where things are in the two laws and to find a provision quickly – 45 minutes for 24 questions leaves no time to read them through.
What does the exam ask about?
Every paper has questions from all four areas: the foundations of the state’s organisation (chapters I and III of the Constitution); everyone’s fundamental rights, freedoms and duties (chapter II); the powers of the Riigikogu, the President of the Republic, the Government of the Republic and the courts; and the conditions and procedure for acquiring, regaining and losing Estonian citizenship. How many questions come from each area is not published. Harno’s sample items ask about the institutions of the state more than anything else.
How and where do I register, and is there a fee?
You can register all year round in the examination information system EIS (eis.harno.ee), or with a paper application sent by post or handed in at Harno’s customer service office in Tallinn. Registration closes 15 days before the exam. Exams are held every month except July in Tallinn, Tartu and Narva, and twice a year in Pärnu, Rakvere and Valga if at least five people register. Neither Harno’s website nor the exam regulation names a fee. Once you have passed both this exam and the Estonian language exam, you can apply to Harno within three months for a refund of the fee for an Estonian course taken with a licensed provider (up to 100%, within a set limit).
What if I fail?
You can register for a later exam: the exam regulation sets no limit on the number of attempts and no waiting period. You can contest the result once, by applying to Harno within 30 days of receiving it; the appeals committee may raise or lower the result.
How should I prepare?
Read the Constitution and the Citizenship Act in Riigi Teataja – the same Estonian texts you will have in the exam – and practise finding provisions in them quickly. Harno publishes sample items and holds a free consultation of up to 1.5 hours before the exam, which you can attend without registering. Harno’s handbook “Abiks kodakondsuse taotlejale” dates from 2010 and is out of date in places, for example on who can vote in local elections. Our practice questions cover all four areas, and the free mock test is as long as the real exam, with the same time limit.
Are these the real exam questions?
No. The real exam questions are not published, and we do not use Harno’s sample items. We wrote these questions ourselves on the current text of the Constitution and the Citizenship Act; each one was answered blind in a separate round and checked against public sources. The English translation and the explanations were made with AI.

Source

Our own practice questions on the current text of the Constitution of the Republic of Estonia and the Citizenship Act (Riigi Teataja). They are not real exam questions, and Harno’s sample items were not used. Every question was written, answered blind and fact-checked in separate rounds. The English translation and the explanations were made with AI; in the exam the questions are in Estonian. Not affiliated with the Education and Youth Board (Harno) or the Police and Border Guard Board.

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