FranceMise en situation n° 50 · Rights and duties
Luis has been working in a restaurant for three months. The owner pays him in cash, without a payslip, and has not declared him. Is this legal?
In the exam (French)
Luis travaille depuis trois mois dans un restaurant. Le patron le paie en espèces, sans fiche de paie, et ne l'a pas déclaré. Est-ce légal ?
- aNo, the employer must declare him and give him a payslip.Non, l'employeur doit le déclarer et lui remettre une fiche de paie.Correct answer
- bYes, it is tolerated in small businesses with fewer than ten employees.Oui, c'est toléré dans les petites entreprises de moins de dix salariés.
- cYes, if Luis agreed from the start to be paid in cash.Oui, si Luis a accepté dès le début d'être payé en espèces.
- dYes, during the first six months of work.Oui, pendant les six premiers mois de travail.
Why?
An employer must declare each employee before hiring them and give them a payslip each time the salary is paid. Working “off the books” (“au noir”) is forbidden: the employee then has no pension or unemployment rights. Luis can contact the labour inspectorate (inspection du travail).
Translated with AI. In the exam the question is in French, as shown above.
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Take a free mock examMise en situation n° 51
Arjun works full time as a cleaner. His employer tells him: “Since you’re a foreigner, I’ll pay you less than the SMIC.” Is this legal?Correct answer:No, the SMIC applies to all employees.
Arjun travaille à temps plein comme agent d'entretien. Son employeur lui dit : « Comme tu es étranger, je te paie moins que le SMIC. » Est-ce légal ? — Non, le SMIC s'applique à tous les salariés.
Mise en situation n° 52
Yasmine’s boss often makes remarks about her body and sends her embarrassing messages. She is afraid of losing her job. What can she do?Correct answer:Keep the messages and ask for help, or file a complaint.
Le chef de Yasmine fait souvent des remarques sur son corps et lui envoie des messages gênants. Elle a peur de perdre son travail. Que peut-elle faire ? — Garder les messages et demander de l'aide, ou porter plainte.
Mise en situation n° 53
Mamadou wants to join a trade union. His manager tells him: “If you do that, you’ll never get a pay rise.” Is this legal?Correct answer:No, the employer cannot punish someone for joining a trade union.
Mamadou veut adhérer à un syndicat. Son responsable lui dit : « Si tu fais ça, tu ne seras jamais augmenté. » Est-ce légal ? — Non, l'employeur ne peut pas sanctionner l'adhésion à un syndicat.
Mise en situation n° 54
Joana has been working in a company for six months. Her boss tells her she will not be entitled to any paid holiday before one year of work. Is he right?Correct answer:No, each month worked gives the right to days of paid holiday.
Joana travaille depuis six mois dans une entreprise. Son patron lui dit qu'elle n'aura droit à aucun congé payé avant un an de travail. A-t-il raison ? — Non, chaque mois travaillé donne droit à des jours de congés payés.
Source
Knowledge questions: Ministry of the Interior (DIAN), official lists of knowledge questions CSP and CR, formation-civique.interieur.gouv.fr, Licence Ouverte 2.0, read on 21 October 2026; the official list for naturalisation, immigration.interieur.gouv.fr (DGEF), Licence Ouverte 2.0, read on 25 October 2026. The answer options, the explanations, the situations and the English translation are ours, written with AI; in the exam the questions are in French. This is not a ministry service.
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