EstoniaKohtupidamisega seotud õigused 9 · Rights in court
In 2024, Toomas did something that was allowed at that time. In 2026, a new law made this act a criminal offence. Can Toomas be convicted for what he did in 2024?
In the exam (Estonian)
2024. aastal tegi Toomas teo, mis oli tol ajal lubatud. 2026. aastal tunnistas uus seadus selle teo kuriteoks. Kas Toomase võib 2024. aasta teo eest süüdi mõista?
- aYes, because the new law is now in forceJah, sest nüüd kehtib uus seadus
- bYes, if the court considers it rightJah, kui kohus peab seda õigeks
- cNo, because at the time of the act it was not a criminal offenceEi, sest teo ajal ei olnud see kuriteguCorrect answer
Why?
Under PS § 23, no one may be convicted of an act that was not a criminal offence under the law in force at the time the act was committed.
Translated with AI. In the exam the question is in Estonian, as shown above.
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Kristjan committed a criminal offence. Before the court judgment, the law was changed and a lighter punishment was set for this act. Which punishment is applied?Correct answer:The lighter punishment of the new law
Kristjan pani toime kuriteo. Enne kohtuotsust muudeti seadust ja selle teo eest nähti ette kergem karistus. Millist karistust kohaldatakse? — Uue seaduse kergemat karistust
Kohtupidamisega seotud õigused 11
Is the statement true or false? “Ivan committed an act in 2023. In 2025, the punishment for this act was made heavier. The court may not give Ivan the new, heavier punishment.”Correct answer:True
Kas lause on õige või vale? «Ivan pani teo toime 2023. aastal. 2025. aastal muudeti selle teo karistus raskemaks. Kohus ei tohi Ivanile mõista uut, raskemat karistust.» — Õige
Kohtupidamisega seotud õigused 12
A court acquitted Anne of theft, and the judgment is final. The prosecutor is not satisfied with the judgment and wants to put Anne on trial again for the same theft. What does the Constitution say?Correct answer:This may not be done, because the judgment is final
Kohus mõistis Anne varguses õigeks ja otsus on lõplik. Prokurör ei ole otsusega rahul ja tahab Annet sama varguse eest uuesti kohtu alla anda. Mida ütleb põhiseadus? — Seda ei tohi teha, sest otsus on lõplik
Kohtupidamisega seotud õigused 13
According to the Constitution, court hearings are public. For which reason may a court, in cases provided by law, declare a hearing closed?Correct answer:To protect people's family and private life
Kohtuistungid on põhiseaduse järgi avalikud. Millisel põhjusel võib kohus seaduses sätestatud juhul kuulutada istungi kinniseks? — Inimeste perekonna- ja eraelu kaitseks
Source
Our own practice questions on the current text of the Constitution of the Republic of Estonia and the Citizenship Act (Riigi Teataja). They are not real exam questions, and Harno’s sample items were not used. Every question was written, answered blind and fact-checked in separate rounds. The English translation and the explanations were made with AI; in the exam the questions are in Estonian. Not affiliated with the Education and Youth Board (Harno) or the Police and Border Guard Board.
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